Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

So Young Jin

51 Articles

Cytomorphologic Features According to HPV DNA Type in Histologically Proven Cases of the Uterine Cervix.: In Ho Choi, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee, Dong Won Kim, Yoon Mi Jeen; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(6):612-620.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.6.612

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BACKGROUND
This study investigated whether human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype is related to koilocytic changes in cervical cytology and histology, and what factors cause discrepancies among cytology, HPV DNA chip tests, and biopsies.
METHODS
We examined 174 of 949 cases histologically confirmed by both cytology and HPV DNA chip testing. We analyzed koilocytic changes in cytology and biopsies according to HPV genotype.
RESULTS
HPV-16 significantly coincided with nuclear size variation and hyperchromasia, although the cytomorphologic features correlated with other HPV genotypes were not statistically significant. By analyzing 68 cases in which there were discrepancies between the HPV DNA chip test and histological results, we confirmed that artifacts or glycogen acanthosis resulted in the over-diagnoses of four HPV-negative cases with normal cytology. Four diagnostic errors and four sampling errors were present in eight HPV-positive cases. The degree of nuclear size variation significantly influenced the cytologically under-diagnosed cases (p=0.006).
CONCLUSIONS
Other than HPV-16, HPV genotype exhibited no cytological or histological differences. The discrepancy between the results of HPV DNA chip test and histology was created by glycogen acanthosis, immature squamous metaplasia, artifacts, and sampling errors.

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Koilocytic changes are not elicited by human papillomavirus genotypes with higher oncogenic potential
Mitsuaki Okodo, Kaori Okayama, Koji Teruya, Hirokazu Kimura, Natsumi Noji, Yasuyoshi Ishii, Masahiko Fujii, Mizue Oda, Toshiyuki Sasagawa
Journal of Medical Virology.2020; 92(12): 3766. CrossRef
Analysis of Sequence Variation and Risk Association of Human Papillomavirus 52 Variants Circulating in Korea
Youn Jin Choi, Eun Young Ki, Chuqing Zhang, Wendy C. S. Ho, Sung-Jong Lee, Min Jin Jeong, Paul K. S. Chan, Jong Sup Park, Xuefeng Liu
PLOS ONE.2016; 11(12): e0168178. CrossRef
Uncommon and Rare Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Relating to Cervical Carcinomas
Na Rae Kim, Myunghee Kang, Soon Pyo Lee, Hyunchul Kim, Jungsuk An, Dong Hae Chung, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho
Korean Journal of Pathology.2014; 48(1): 43. CrossRef
Distribution of Human Papillomavirus 52 and 58 Genotypes, and Their Expression of p16 and p53 in Cervical Neoplasia
Tae Eun Kim, Hwal Woong Kim, Kyung Eun Lee
Korean Journal of Pathology.2014; 48(1): 24. CrossRef

Practical Standardization in Renal Biopsy Reporting.: So Young Jin, Hyeon Joo Jeong, Sun Hee Sung, Beom Jin Lim, Jee Young Han, Soon Won Hong, Hyun Ee Yim, Yeong Jin Choi, Yong Mee Cho, Myoung Jae Kang, Kyung Chul Moon, Hee Jeong Cha, Seung Yeon Ha, Mi Seon Kang, Mee Young So, Kwang Sun Suh, Jong Eun Joo, Yong Jin Kim, Nam Hee Won, Moon Hyang Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):613-622.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.613

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
To standardize renal biopsy reporting and diagnosis, The Renal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (RPSKSP) has developed a renal pathology reporting format for the native and allograft kidney.
METHODS
A consensus checklist of a provisional renal biopsy format was sent to all members of the RPSKSP. Feed back opinions regarding the practical application of the checklist to the diagnostic work were received.
RESULTS
Kidney biopsies require three essential examinations: by light microscopy, immunofluorescence (IF), and electron microscopy (EM). A final report of a renal biopsy should include information on specimen adequacy and a description of the morphologic change using a systematic semiquantitative method for each of the compartments, with optional separate IF and EM reports.
CONCLUSIONS
A standard renal biopsy report format is important in establishing clinicopathologic correlations, making reliable prognostic considerations, comparing the findings in sequential biopsies and evaluating the effects of therapy.

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Additional antihypertensive effect of magnesium supplementation with an angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypomagnesemic rats
Kyubok Jin, Tae Hee Kim, Yeong Hoon Kim, Yang Wook Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2013; 28(2): 197. CrossRef
Clinicopathologic Features of IgA-Dominant Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
Tai Yeon Koo, Gheun-Ho Kim, Hyang Park
Korean Journal of Pathology.2012; 46(2): 105. CrossRef

The Korean Journal of Cytopathology: From Foundation to Unification with the Korean Journal of Pathology.: So Young Jin, Chang Suk Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):1-3.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.1

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Abstract PDF

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History of the Official Journal Published by the Korean Society of Pathologists: From the Korean Journal of Pathology to the Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
Se Hoon Kim, Chong Jai Kim, SoonWon Hong
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(1): 1. CrossRef

Cytologic Findings of Cerebrospinal Fluid.: So Young Jin; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):86-98.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.86

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Abstract PDF: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology is based on the cytopathologic findings of other body fluids. However, CSF's cytologic features are less familiar to physicians than are those of the other body fluid's cytology because of the small number of cases. The low overall diagnostic accuracy and the presence of false positivity still remain as problems. The incidence of lymphoreticular malignancies and metastatic carcinomas are rather higher than that of primary brain tumors. In this review, the characteristic cytologic findings of conventional CSF cytology are reviewed along with a brief note on the technical preparation and diagnostic pitfalls.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Cervicovaginal Cytology in the Detection of Squamous Epithelial Lesions of the Uterine Cervix; Cytologic/Histologic Correlation of 481 Cases.: So Young Jin, Sang Mo Park, Mee Sun Kim, Yoon Mi Jeen, Dong Won Kim, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 2008;19(2):111-118.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3338/kjc.2008.19.2.111

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BACKGROUND
Cervicovaginal cytology is a screening test of uterine cervical cancer. The sensitivity of cervicovaginal cytology is less than 50%, but studies of cytologic/histologic correlation are limited. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of cervicovaginal cytology in the detection of the squamous epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix and investigate the cause of diagnostic discordance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected a total of 481 sets of cervicovaginal cytology and biopsies over 5 years. The cytologic diagnoses were categorized based on The Bethesda System and the histologic diagnoses were classified as negative, flat condyloma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, CIN II, CIN III, or squamous cell carcinoma. Cytohistologic discrepancies were reviewed.
RESULTS
The concordance rate between the cytological and the histological diagnosis was 79.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of cervicovaginal cytology were 80.6% and 92.6%, respectively. Its positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.7% and 77.7%, respectively. The false negative rate was 19.4%. Among 54 false negative cytology cases, they were confirmed by histology as 50 flat condylomas, 2 CIN I, 1 CIN III, and 1 squamous cell carcinoma. The causes of false negative cytology were sampling errors in 75.6% and interpretation errors in 24.4%. The false positive rate was 7.4%. Among 15 false positive cytology cases, they were confirmed by histology as 12 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and 3 low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The cause of error was interpretation error in all cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of cervicovaginal cytology was 85.7%.
CONCLUSIONS
Cervicovaginal cytology shows high overall diagnostic accuracy and is a useful primary screen of uterine cervical cancer.

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Overall accuracy of cervical cytology and clinicopathological significance of LSIL cells in ASC‐H cytology
S. H. Kim, J. M. Lee, H. G. Yun, U. S. Park, S. U. Hwang, J.‐S. Pyo, J. H. Sohn
Cytopathology.2017; 28(1): 16. CrossRef
Correlation Analysis Between Cervicovaginal Cytologic and Histopathologic Diagnoses in Cervical Squamous Cell Neoplasm
Kyoung Bun Lee, Woon Sun Park, Jin Hee Sohn, Min Kyung Kim, Dong Hoon Kim, Hee Sung Kim, Seoung Wan Chae, Sung Hee Kang, Young Hye Cho, Hee Dae Pak, Sun Hee Kim
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2009; 43(2): 157. CrossRef

A Case of Gastric Inverted Hyperplastic Polyp Associated with Gastritis Cystica Profunda and Early Gastric Carcinoma.: Min Sung Choi, So Young Jin, Dong Won Kim, Dong Wha Lee, Sang Mo Park; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(1):55-58.

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Abstract PDF: A gastric inverted hyperplastic polyp is characterized by downward growth of the hyperplastic mucosal components into the submucosa. Lesions are composed of hyperplastic foveolar-type glands, and sometimes coexist with gastritis cystica profunda (GCP). Adenocarcinoma frequen- tly can coexist, but the relationship is not clear. A 71-year-old male was admitted to hospital because of dyspepsia for one month. He underwent a wedge resection of the stomach, after endoscopic biopsies. The gross finding showed a slightly elevated papillary lesion with central depression. Microscopically, the elevated lesion was composed of hyperplastic fundic glands and foveolar cells, and the central depressed lesion showed a nodular inverted proliferation of normal appearing gastric epithelium and glands in the submucosa. An additional proximal gastrectomy specimen exhibited marked GCP and a minute adenocarcinoma at the proximal margin with p53 protein overexpression.

A Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: A Case Report.: Min Sung Choi, Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Sang Mo Park, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(1):59-62.

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Abstract PDF: Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is a rare disorder sometimes referred to as male pseudohermaphroditism. This syndrome is characterized by a 46,XY karyotype with internal bilateral testes, female external genitalia, absence or scantiness of pubic and axillary hair and normal breast development. A variety of gonadal tumors can develop in individuals with CAIS. A 57-year-old patient was admitted to urology with intermittent gross hematuria for one month. CT revealed a left ureteric mass, measuring 2.5 x 2 cm. Ureteroscopic biopsy was performed and the result was a diagnosis of high grade urothelial carcinoma. The patient underwent laparotomy which revealed slightly enlarged gonads in the pelvic cavity. However, a uterus and fallopian tubes were not identified. Left nephroureterectomy and bilateral gonadectomy were performed. The right gonad measured 3.9 x 2.5 x 2 cm and the cut surface showed a well circumscribed, firm, brownish gray colored 2 x 1.8 cm sized nodule. Microscopically, this nodule consisted of uniform and solid tubules containing immature Sertoli cells and Leydig cells which were both positive for alpha-inhibin. The left gonad measured 3.5 x 2 x 1.9 cm and showed atrophic testicular tissue.

Utility of Bile Duct Brush Cytology in Pancreaticobiliary Diseases: Prospective Comparative Study of Conventional Smear and MonoPrep2(TM) Liquid Based Cytology.: So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee, Mee Sun Kim, Young Deok Cho, Young Koog Cheon, Min Sung Choi, Dong Won Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 2006;17(1):38-45.

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Abstract PDF: Bile duct brush cytology has been employed as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of pancreatic and biliary tract strictures. The specificity of this method is high however, its sensitivity is quite low. A recent study employing liquid based cytology (LBC) reported results comparable to those achieved via conventional cytology. Therefore, we have attempted to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic utility of bile duct brush cytology in pancreaticobiliary diseases. A total of 46 cases with bile duct stricture were enrolled including 11 cases of benign stricture, 29 cases of bile duct carcinoma, 3 cases of gallbladder cancer, and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer. Both conventional smear and LBC using MonoPrep2(TM) system were conducted in each case. The cytological diagnosis of each case was classed into the following categories; benign, suspicious for malignancy, and malignancy. The diagnostic accuracy of both cytologic methods was investigated. LBC evidenced a high rate of material insufficiency (13/46), which was attributed to low cellularity. The kappa index of both cytological methods was 0.508. Cytological and tissue diagnoses were correlated in 25 cases conducted from biopsy or operation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 41.2% (7/17), 100% (8/8), 100% (7/7), and 44.4% (10/18) in conventional smear; 58.8% (10/17), 87.5% (7/8), 90.9% (10/11), and 50.0% (7/14) in LBC; and 94.1% (16/17), 87.5% (7/8), 94.1% (16/17), and 87.5% (7/8) in any one of both cytological methods, respectively. Based on these results, the sensitivity of LBC was found to be superior to that of conventional smear and we were able to obtain higher positive predictive value upto 94.1% by simultaneously conducting both cytologic methods.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Peripheral Lung: A Case Report.: Min Sung Choi, So Young Jin, Dong Won Kim, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(1):36-40.

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Abstract PDF: The mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare tumor in the lung for less than 1% of all pulmonary neoplasm. It is mostly presented as a solitary pulmonary nodule at a large bronchial tree on bronchoscope. But more peripheral located tumor that not accessible to the bronchoscope are rarely reported on literature. The cytologic findings of these tumors are discribed as a mixture of squamous cells, mucous cells, and intermediate cells with overlapped cellular clusters. We experienced a case of peripheral mucoepidermoid carcinoma of lung diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The smear showed many cellular clusters on mucoid background. They consisted of many intermediate cells with occasional mucus-secreting cells, but malignant squamous cells were not present.

Expression of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 mRNA in Breast Carcinomas.: Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(6):400-406.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The activation of proMMP-2 is induced by membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), but inhibited by tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (TIMP-2). This study was carried out to establish the pattern of mRNA expression of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 in breast carcinomas.
METHODS
Seventy-nine cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 10 of ductal carcinoma in situ, and 10 of fibrocystic disease as a control were analysed for the expression of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 mRNA, using in situ hybridization. Correlations of the results with the clinical stage, tumor size, nodal status, and nuclear grade were analysed.
RESULTS
The expression rates of MMP-2, MT1-MMP, and TIMP-2 mRNA in invasive ductal carcinoma were 68%, 73%, and 56%, respectively. They were localized to both stromal and tumor cells, but mainly in the latter. The MMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with the clinical stage (p < 0.05), while the expression of TIMP-2 mRNA was inversely correlated with clinical stage and tumor size(p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations between MMP-2 and MT1-MMP expressions, along with inverse relationships between MMP-2 and TIMP-2, and between TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP, were also found. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA expressions might be useful as one of a range of prognostic parameters in breast carcinoma patients.

Prevalence and Clinicopathologic Features of Mucinous Cystic Tumor and Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor of Pancreas in Korea.: Jin Hee Sohn, Kyung Me Kim, Seoung Wan Chae, Woo Ho Kim, Woo Sung Moon, Young Nyun Park, Chul Gun Park, Eun sil Yu, Hee Kyung Jang, Hee Jin Jang, Jong Jae Jung, Jin Sook Jung, So Young Jin, Jong Sang Choi, Dae Young Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(4):270-278.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Mucin producing cystic neoplasms, such as mucinous cystic tumor (MCT) and intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas, are uncommon but become increasing in their incidences. The pathologic classification and biologic potential of these neoplasmsremain the subject of controversy.
METHODS
The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of 85 casesof MCT and 72 cases of IPMT and examined the expression patterns of p53, CEA and MUC1.
RESULTS
IPMT was located largely in the head, and showed connection with the main pancreatic duct (MPD, 68.1%), no ovarian-like stroma (0/72), and presence of intervening intratumoralnormal or atrophic parenchyma. On the other hand, MCT was located largely in thetail (73%), and showed common ovarian-like stroma (66/80), rare connection with the MPD(7/85) and no intervening pancreatic parenchyma. CEA and p53 immunoexpressions weresignificantly increased from adenoma through borderline to carcinoma, but MUC 1 was expressedonly in the invasive carcinoma among cases of MCT and IPMT.
CONCLUSIONS
The tumorlocation, ovarian-like stroma, connection with the MPD and intratumoral intervening nonneoplastictissue were helpful in the differential diagnosis between IPMT and MCT. CEA and p53expressions can be indicators of malignancy, while MUC 1 expression can indicate invasion.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma: A Case Report.: Hee Kyung Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 2003;14(2):96-101.

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Abstract: Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor accounting for 5-10% of soft tissue sarcomas. Most arise in the extremities and trunk, and a small proportion occur in the abdominal wall, head and neck region, and mediastinum. It manifests different phenotypic subtypes that render their cytologic evaluation challenging. Moreover, cytomorphologic description of the epithelial component of synovial sarcoma is rare in Korea. We report a case of biphasic synovial sarcoma on the right lower extremity in a 49-year-old woman diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. The aspirate was moderately cellular and composed of a mixture of tissue fragments and dissociated cells with bland chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and oval to spindle-shaped cytoplasm. Mitosis was rare. A monolayer sheet of epithelial component was seen. The cells in this monolayer sheet had more abundant distinct cytoplasm, round nuclei, and prominent micronucleoli. Histologic examination showed a biphasic pattern consisting of mostly sarcomatous stroma and a few small glandular areas at the periphery of the tumor.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Ganglioneuroma: A Case Report.: Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Wha Lee, So Young Jin; Korean J Cytopathol. 2003;14(1):12-16.

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Abstract PDF: Ganglioneuroma is a well-differentiated, benign tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. These tumors belong to a family of neoplasm that exhibit a wide range of differentiation, with neuroblastoma at one end and ganglioneuroma at the other. Because it share morphologic features with other both benign and malignant neural tumors, accurate preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Nonetheless, it is critical for proper management. Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) in the diagnosis of the ganglioneuroma has been a little documented. We describe a case of mediastinal ganglioneuroma in a 33-month-old girl. The diagnosis was suggested on FNAC and was confirmed by histopathologic examination later.

Ki-67 Labelling Index and Bax Expression According to the Capsular Invasion in the Follicular Neoplasms of the Thyroid.: Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Wha Lee, So Young Jin, Dong Won Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(6):531-535.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND
There have been a few studies concerning the differential diagnosis between follicular adenomas and minimally invasive follicular carcinomas, but it is difficult to exclude the possibility of minute capsular and/or vascular invasion throughout the capsular areas as a whole.
METHODS
We examined the diagnostic usefulness of Ki-67 labelling index and bax expression for the differential diagnosis of follicular adenomas and minimally invasive follicular carcinomas.
RESULTS
The result of immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 and bax antibodies were analyzed in 58 cases of follicular neoplasms from 1996 to 1999. Of 58 cases, 35 were follicular adenomas and 23 were minimally invasive follicular carcinomas. The Ki-67 labelling index was significantly higher in minimally invasive follicular carcinoma of the thyroid (Ki-67 labelling index, 1.62+/-0.35%) than follicular adenoma (0.46+/-0.21%) (P<0.05). Of the follicular adenomas, Ki-67 labelling index of the tumor with 5 cm or more in diameter was 0.38+/-0.13%, while that of the tumor with less than 5 cm was 0.51+/-0.24%. Of the minimally invasive follicular carcinoma, Ki-67 labelling index of the tumor with 5 cm more was 1.30+/-0.07%, while that of the tumor with less than 5 cm was 1.65+/-0.37%. Diffuse bax expression was seen in 27 of 35 cases of follicular adenomas and 2 of 23 cases of minimally invasive follicular carcinoma (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest Ki-67 labelling index and the degree of bax expression are useful markers for the differential diagnosis between the follicular adenoma and the minimally invasive follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3 Nitrotyrosine and Apoptosis in Articular Cartilage of Human Osteoarthritis.: So Young Jin, Seong Su Kang, Dong Wha Lee, Soo Jae Yim, Yeo Hon Yun, Byung Ill Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(4):319-329.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and 3 are the most important degradating enzymes of the chondroid matrix. Chondrocytes may undergo apoptosis under various stimuli including nitric oxide (NO). We studied the expression rate and zone of MMP-1, MMP-3, nitrotyrosine, a marker of NO release, and apoptosis in the articular cartilage of human osteoarthritis.
METHODS
To investigate the role of nitrotyrosine and apoptosis in the degradation of the chondroid matrix in human osteoarthritis, immunohistochemistry was done for MMP-1, MMP-3, and nitrotyrosine; and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was performed for apoptosis using a total of 93 articular cartilages from 12 femoral heads and 17 knees obtained from total joint arthroplasty and 7 normal articular cartilages. RESULTS: In the normal control group, the expression rates for MMP-1, MMP-3, nitrotyrosine, and apoptosis were very low; and their expression zones were confined to the superficial layer of the articular cartilage. Their expression rates were low in the early stage of osteoarthritis and were moderate to high in the late stage (P<0.05). Their expression zones were confined to the superficial layer of the articular cartilage in the early stage of osteoarthritis and were expressed throughout the whole layer in the late stage and those of MMP-3 and nitrotyrosine were statistically significant (P<0.05). Their expression rates and zones were significantly correlated with the grade of osteoarthritis (P<0.05). Conclusion : The expression rate and zone of apoptosis and nitrotyrosine correlated well with those of MMP-1 and MMP-3. Therefore, NO and apoptosis may be related to the progression of human osteoarthritis.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Solid Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast: Report of a case associated with mucinous carcinoma.: Hee Kyung Kim, Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 2001;12(2):127-130.

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Abstract PDF: Solid papillary carcinoma of the breast is a distinctive form of intraductal papillary carcinoma frequently associated with both mucinous carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specific. To our knowledge, this case is the first description of the cytologic aspects of solid papillary carcinoma of the breast in the Korean literature. We experienced a case of solid papillary carcinoma of the right breast diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) in a 70-year-old female. FNAC from the right breast showed high cellularity consisting of mostly tight clusters of tumor cells and a few scattered tumor cells. The nuclei were monotonously round to oval in shape with inconspicuous nucleoli. The cytoplasm was abundant and finely granular. Scant amount of mucinous material was present on the background. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically and immunohistochemically.

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, c-erbB2, and p53 Protein Overexpression and Prognosis in Gastric Adenocarcinoma.: Ayoung Park, So Young Jin, Dong Won Kim, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(8):559-566.

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Abstract PDF: Despite its fall in incidence, gastric adenocarcinoma remains a common disease with dismal prognosis worldwide. A better understanding of its tumorigenesis and biologic properties of tumor cells related to invasion and metastasis is crucial to improving diagnosis and treatment. Conflicting results concerning the relationships between overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein and biologic behavior of gastric carcinoma have been noted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein as prognostic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein by immunohistochemistry was correlated with variable clinicopathological parameters and patients' survival in 80 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. Overall PAI-1 expression rate was 63.7% (51/80) and higher in advanced cancer (p=0.0003) and nodal metastasis (p=0.003) groups. Overall c-erbB2 expression rate was 43.8% (35/80) and higher in antral (p=0.03), differentiated (p=0.001), intestinal (p=0.0007), and expanding (0.03) groups. The p53 protein overexpression was 37.5% (30/80) and higher in early cancer (p=0.02), differentiated (p=0.006) and intestinal groups (p=0.009). Patients with PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein positive tumors tended to have poorer survival rates than patients with PAI-1, c-erbB2, and p53 protein negative tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.25, 0.37, 0.52). Our data indicated that PAI-1 overexpression is one of the poor prognostic factors in gastric adenocarcinoma and c-erbB2 and p53 protein seem to be involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis of intestinal type-gastric adenocarcinoma.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Salivary Gland: An analysis of 221 cases .: Ayoung Park, Hee Kyoung Kim, Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(2):133-143.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration cytology of the salivary lesions was performed on 221 patients at Soonchunhyang University Hospital for 10 years. Of 221 aspirates, 6 aspirates(2.7%) were inadequate, 116 cases(52.5%) were non-neoplastic lesions, 76(34.4%) cases were benign neoplasms and 23 cases(10.4%) were malignant neoplasms. The cytologic diagnoses could be correlated with histologic findings in 58 cases. FNAC correctly discriminated between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions in fifty-seven lesions and failed in a case, and overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 98.3%, 98.0%, and 100.0%. FNAC correctly discriminated malignant neoplasms from benign neoplastic/non- neoplastic lesions in fifty-three cases and failed in five cases, and overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 91.3%, 72.7%, and 95.7%. Among three false negative cases, two mucoepidermoid carcinomas were misdiagnosed as mucocele and benign neoplasm, and an acinic cell carcinoma were misdiagnosed as Warthin's tumor. Two false positive cases were a Warthin's tumor misdiagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and a pleomorphic adenoma misinterpretated as suggestive of malignancy. In conclusion, diagnostic accuracy of FNAC of salivary lesions is high, and the possibilities of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma should be considered on hypocellular smears with mucoid or fluidy background.

Gastrointestinal Polyposis in Koreans: A Nationwide Survey of Clinicopathologic Analysis of 112 Surgically Resected Cases.: Mee Soo Chang, Hoguen Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Chan Il Park, Eun Kyung Hong, Han Kyeom Kim, In Soo Suh, Byung Kee Kim, Ja June Jang, Woon Sub Han, Hyung Sik Shin, So Young Jin, Dae Young Kang, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1998;32(6):404-412.

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Abstract: Gastrointestinal polyposis (GIP) is a rare disease characterized by formation of the numerous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and presenting several extraintestinal manifestations. Most of the diseases are transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern. In Korea, the epidemiological study as well as the pathological analysis of the GIP is not well established. We therefore analysed 38 items of GIP using surgically resected specimens. The materials in this study were collected from the 12 institutions and case reports in Korean literature between 1980 and 1991. The clinicopathologic findings were reevaluated by several members of the study group for gastrointestinal pathology. The results are as follows: (1) A total of 112 cases were included in this study: 83 cases were collected from 12 institutions and 29 cases were collected from Korean literature. The cases were classified as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 59 cases; Gardner's syndrome, 3 cases; juvenile polyposis, 12 cases; Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, 35 cases; multiple colonic adenomas, 3 cases. (2) Among 59 cases of FAP, the range of age at operation was 14 to 61 years, and a family history was positive in 25 cases. The number of polyps in colorectum was 100~8,000. Of the 37 cases in which the examination of polyp density was available, 16 cases (43%) showed the highest density in the rectum and the sigmoid colon. The carcinomatous change within polyp(s) was present in 18 cases (31%), and associated advanced single or multiple colonic carcinomas existed in 37 cases (63%). Twenty-six (45%) tumors out of total 58 carcinomas were in the rectum. Twenty-five patients were evaluated for the upper gastrointestinal lesions, and 11 patients (44%) had pathologic lesions; multiple fundic gland polyps in 3 cases (12%), gastric and duodenal adenomas in 2 cases (8%), gastric adenomas in 2 cases (8%), duodenal adenomas in 2 cases (8%), gastric carcinoma and adenoma in 1 case (4%), gastric carcinoma in 1 case (4%). (3) Among 3 cases of Gardner's syndrome, the range of age at operation was 25 to 31 years, a family history was identified in 2 cases. One case was associated with an advanced colonic carcinoma and carcinomatous change within polyp. Extra gastrointestinal lesions were sebaceous cyst, epidermal cyst, osteoma and desmoid tumor. (4) Among 12 juvenile polyposis, the range of age at operation was 8 to 51 years and 5 patients had a family history. The carcinomatous change within polyp was found in 2 cases (17%) and associated advanced colonic carcinoma was in 4 cases (33%). The associated different type of polyps was tubular adenomas in 9 cases (75%), hyperplastic polyps in 4 cases (33%) and villous adenomas in 2 cases (17%). (5) Among 35 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, the range of age at first operation was 6 to 42 years, family history was positive in 11 cases. The carcinomatous change within polyp was found in 1 case (3%), and associated advanced colonic carcinoma in 1 case (3%). The epithelial misplacement was observed in 4 cases (11%), and tubular or villous adenomatous feature in 4 cases (11%). In summary, the most frequent GIP for the surgical resection in Korea is FAP and the FAP is associated with high incidence of coexisting advanced and intramucosal carcinomas. Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, such as juvenile polyposis and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are another frequent disease for the surgical resection and are also associated with an increased risk of cancer.

Grading System for Gastric Epithelial Proliferative Diseases Standardized Guidelines proposed by Korean Study Group for Pathology of Digestive Diseases.: Hoguen Kim, So Young Jin, Ja June Jang, Woo Ho Kim, Sang Yong Song, Kyu Rae Kim, Eun Sil Yu, Hyung Sik Shin, Han Kyeom Kim, Jin Hee Sohn, Eun Kyung Hong, Youn Wha Kim, Jin Sook Jeong, Chang Jin Kim, Shin Eun Choi, In Suh Park, Chan Il Park, Yong Il Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(5):389-400.

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Abstract PDF: The assessment of epithelial changes in gastric mucosal biopsies has been one of the major problems caused by inconsistencies in and disagreements about nomenclature and interpretation. To resolve these issues, members of the Study Group for Pathology of Digestive Diseases reviewed microslides of 50 gastric lesions showing varying degrees of mucosal abnormality and reached the following consensus; 1) the proliferating gastric epithelium can be divided into hyperplastic and neoplastic; 2) the term "dysplasia" is reserved for the microscopic epithelial changes that are unequivocally neoplastic; 3) Biopsy specimens can be categorized as regenerative(negative for dysplasia), indefinite(questionable dysplasia), positive(positive for dysplasia) and overt carcinoma; 4) The positive category can be divided into two subgroups, high grade dysplasia and low grade dysplasia. Criteria for each grade are presented and discussed. We offer these guidelines for establishing the correct diagnosis of the gastric mucosal biopsy specimens and for prospective studies.

Diagnostic Usefulness of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology on Lymphadenopathy: An analysis of 1,216 Cases .: Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee, Chan Soo Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1997;8(1):11-19.

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Abstract PDF: Clinical lymphadenopathies are subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for diagnosing not only benign lesions but also malignant ones, as the first diagnostic procedure. While the diagnostic reliability in metastatic carcinoma is high, it is difficult to differentiate malignant lymphoma from reactive conditions. We evaluated the diagnostic reliability of FNAC in lymphadenopathy, and discuss the diagnostic limitation and its place in clinical practice in this study. Over 8 years from January 1988, FNAC of 1,216 lymphadenopathies were analyzed and among them 170 cases were compared with histopathology. The results are as follows. 1. Of all the cases, 890 cases(73.2%) were diagnosed cytologically as benign, 312 cases(25.7%) as malignant, and 14 cases(1.1%) as unsatisfactory material. Reactive hyperplasia was diagnosed in 585 cases(65.7%) of the benign lesions, and among the malignant diseases, metastatic carcinoma was diagnosed in 248 cases(79.5%), and malignant lymphoma in 62 cases(19.9%). 2. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 89.2%, and no false positive case and 9 false negative results were observed among 170 cases which were proven by histopathology. Six cases of sampling error of false negative diagnoses included 3 of metastatic carcinomas and 3 of malignant lymphomas. The causes were difference between aspiration and biopsy site, poor fixation, or scanty cellularity with bloody smear. All 3 cases of misinterpretation error were malignant lymphomas, one of mixed type on biopsy which was diagnosed as reactive hyperplasia cytologically. In summary, FNAC technique is thought to be useful in the initial diagnosis of lymphadenopathies as well as in the follow-up of patients with known malignancy. Although the results of malignant lymphoma was less accurate than other malignant lesions, the application of strict cytologic criteria or lymphoid marker studies of aspiration material will reduce the false negative rate.

Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Presented as Diffuse Alveolar Damage: Report of a case.: Sook Kim, Jeong Ja Kwak, Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(12):1155-1158.

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Abstract PDF: Pneumocystis carinii is the most common cause of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunocompromised patients. Microscopically, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) shows characteristic frothy intraalveolar exudate and interstitial lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrate. However, sometimes the only histologic finding of PCP on routine hematoxylin-eosin stain is that of diffuse alveolar damage(DAD), when we can miss the diagnosis without aid of special stains. We report a case of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as DAD in a 50-year old man after chemotherapy due to malignant lymphoma. Open lung biopsy specimen reveals the early stage of DAD without any characteristic findings, such as foamy exudate. However many cysts of Pneumocystis carinii were found on Gomori's methenamine silver(GMS) stain. Therefore, GMS stain should be routinely performed on all biopsy specimens obtained from immunocompromised patients.

A Histologic Classification of Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease and Its Clinical Significance.: Eun Suk Koh, Dong Wha Lee, So Young Jin, Sang Ho Cho; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(11):998-1010.

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Abstract PDF: Diffuse interstitial lung disease(DILD) is a large group of heterogeneous diseases that diffusely involve the pulmonary connective tissues, principally subpleural, interlobular and alveolar wall portions. Terminology and classification of these diseases are not uniform, and the cause and the pathogenesis are unknown in many entities. It is generally accepted that the response to therapy is related to the relative degree of cellularity and fibrosis present, therefore a histologic evaluation of the relative extent and severity of these changes is required. We reviewed 52 cases of DILD from January 1990 to May 1995 diagnosed by open lung biopsy to reappraise classification and quantitative assessment of the histopathologic features. Differential histopathologic features between usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia(NIP) were examined with a correlation of HRCT findings and clinical findings. Among 52 cases of DILD, 18 cases(34.6%) were UIP, 6 cases(11.5%) were hypersensitivity pneumonia was NIP was 5 cases(9.6%), interstitial lung diseases associated with the connective tissue diseases were 5 cases(9.6%), inorganic dusts were 4 cases(7.7%), infections were 4 cases(7.7%), durgs were 2 cases(3.8%), acute interstitial pneumonia was 1 case(1.9%), sarcoidosis was 1 case(1.9%) in order of frequency plus 6 other cases(11.5%). UIP was the most frequent DILD in this study which seemed to be a criteria bias of patient selection on open lung biopsy. Quantitative assessment of histopathologic features was useful in the differential diagnosis of DILD and differentiation of UIP from NIP was possible based on histopathologic features and supported by HRCT. UIP disclosed a significantly high score of fibrotic changes, especially in the interstitial fibrosis, smooth muscle proliferation and honeycombing, otherwise NIP appeared relatively high score in inflammatory changes. Correlation between histopathologic scores and the clinical outcome after steroid therapy or no therapy in UIP was not evident.

Adenoid Basal Carcinoma Associated with Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Uterine Cervix: A case report.: Hyun Jung Kim, Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1996;30(8):739-741.

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Abstract PDF: Adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of cervical adenocarcinomas. Though it has been confused with adenoid cystic carcinoma, it is now distinctly recognized by better prognosis and different histologic and immunohistochemical findings. We have experienced a case of adenoid basal carcinoma associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a 52-year-old woman. The tumor was composed of small, round to oval nests of basaloid cells with peripheral palisading. Some of the nests showed central cystic spaces, or cribriform pattern, and central squamous differentiation with cytological atypia. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma was located adjacent to the adenoid basal carcinoma without any transition between these two lesions. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells disclosed positive staining for cytokeratin, but negative reaction for CEA, EMA, and S-100 protein.

A Study of Usefulness of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Thyroid Lesions.: Kye Hyun Kwon, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1996;7(2):111-121.

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Abstract PDF: Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) is preferred because of simplicity, safety, and reliability in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodule or hyperplasia. However, there are a few limitations such as false-negative or false-positive cases and nondiagnostic material. To evaluate the usefulness of FNAC in thyroid lesions, we reviewed 704 FNAC cases of thyroid nodules from 1988 to 1994 at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. The results are as follows. 1. Among 704 FNAC cases of thyroid gland, 571(81.1%) cases were benign, 12 (1.7%0) were suspicious, 71(10.1%0) were malignancy, and 50(7.1%)-were material insufficiency. The cytologic diagnoses of the benign lesions included 168 cases of follicular neoplasm, 139 cases of adenomatous goiter, 162 cases of follicular lesion such as follicular neoplasm or adenomatous goiter, 61 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 13 cases of subacute thyroiditis, and 28 cases of colloidal nodule or benign nodule. The malignant lesions included 68 cases of papillary carcinoma, two medullary carcinomas and a case of metastatic colon cancer. 2. The average number of cytologic smear slides was 4.12+/-1.81 in material insufficiency and 5.63+/-1.79 in diagnostic cases. This difference was statistically significant(p<0.00001). 3. Histological assessment of 150 cases revealed 2 false negative and 1 false positive cases. The false negative cases were a case of marked sclerosis in papillary carcinoma and an occult case of papillary, carcinoma. The false positive case resulted from pseudo-ground glass nuclei due to marked dry artifact. 4. Comparison between the FNAC and the histologic diagnosis revealed that INAC had a sensitivity of 93.5%, a specificity of 99.2%, a false negative rate of 64%, a false positive rate of 0.8%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.0%. Therefore, FNAC of thyroid gland is a very reliable diagnostic method with excellent accuracy rate.

Ovarian Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Associated with Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix.: Kye Hyun Kwon, Jeong Ja Kwak, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(2):244-247.

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Abstract PDF: When coexistence of carcinoma with similar histologic type is present in female genital tract, it is difficult to differentiate independent primary tumor from metastasis. Most of them are endometrial and ovarian tumors, but coexistence of uterine cervical and ovarian tumor with similar histologic type is rare. We experienced an independent primary tumor of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma associated with mucinous adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. The patient was a 50-year-old woman. She had a lower abdominal mass which was detected as a huge cyst on ultrasonography. Although the ovarian lesions were bilateral, features that preferred to consider independent primary tumor are listed as; absence of lymphatic or vascular invasion, absence of ovarian surface implant, superficial invasion of cervical tumor, absence of tumor in abdominal cavity, and disease free follow-up after removal of the tumor.

A Cytopathologic Analysis of Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Aspiration Cytology of the Lung: A Six-year Correlation Study in 322 Cases.: Sook Kim, Dong Won Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1995;6(2):140-147.

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Abstract PDF: In a six-year period (from May 1988 to April 1994), fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of 322 pulmonary lesions from 296 patients were performed at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Of these 322, malignancy was diagnosed cytologically in 139 (43.2%), suspicious malignancy in 7 (2.2%), negative in 164 (50.8%), and insufficient material in 12 (3.8%). Malignant lesion consisted of 54 cases of adenocarcinoma, 50 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 18 cases of small cell carcinoma. They were verified by histologic confirmation in 70 cases. There were 2 (0.6%) false positive cases due to florid bronchoalveolar hyperplasia and atypical bronchial epithelial cells associated with granulomatous lesion. Overall accuracy rate was 90%, the sensitivity 84.3% and the specificity 94.7%.

Localized Pseudopolyposis of the Ascending Colon Associated with Granulomatous Colitis: A case report.: Jeong Ja Kwak, Kye Hyun Kwon, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(1):82-85.

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Abstract PDF: Pseudopolyps represent discrete areas of mucosal inflammation and regeneration that are seen in a variety of inflammatory bowel disease including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. These polyps are typically short, measuring less than 1.5 cm in height. Rarely, localized giant pseudopolyposis can occur, i.e., a collection of larger inflammatory pseudopolyps giving rise to a mass lesion within the colon. The most serious problem concerned with pseudopolyposis is a confusion with carcinoma. We experienced a case of localized giant pseudopolyposis causing partial large bowel obstruction. Right hemicolectomy was done for a preoperative diagnosis of ascending colon carcinoma. The resected specimen contained a circumferential lesion, which was composed of numerous interconnecting cylindrical villi, measuring 12 cm in length and 3 cm in height. Microscopically, these polypoid lesions were inflammatory pseudopolyps. Several deep fissure-like ulcerations were noted with multifocal microabscess, lymphoid hyperplasia and an area of noncaseating granuloma.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Thyroid Gland from the Colon: Report of A case.: Sook Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):41-45.

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Abstract PDF: Most common metastatic tumors of the thyroid gland are squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region, adenocarcinoma of breast and lung, malignant melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma of kidney in order of frequency. Metastasis from gastrointestinal tract to the thyroid gland rarely occurs. We experienced a case of fine needle aspiraton cytology of metastatic adenocarcinoma of both thyroid glands from the colon. Cytologic smears showed picket-fence like arrangement of nuclei of carcinoma cells and syncytial type of tissue fragments with acinar pattern on necrotic or mucoid background.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Chondroblastoma Arising in the Rib: Report of A Case.: Kye Hyun Kwon, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(1):61-64.

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Abstract PDF: Chondroblastoma is a benign bone tumor accounting for less than 1% of bone tumor. It infrequently involves the flat bones, among which ribs are particularly rare. On fine needle aspiration cytology, the diagnostic smear consists of chondroblasts, osteoclast-like giant cells, and chondroid matrix. The cytologic hallmark to differentiate from other giant cell-containing lesions is chondroblasts.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome with Extensive Epithelial Misplacements and Adenomatous and Carcinomatous Transformation: A case report.: Jeong Ja Kwak, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(6):630-637.

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Abstract PDF: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by gastrointestinal ployposis and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation involving the lip, oral mucosa, digits, palms and soles. The polyps are almost hamartomatous. The relationship of gastrointestinal carcinoma and the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has been discussed for many years. The question is unsettled whether gastrointestinal carcinoma arise in hamartomatous polyps itself. Recently, there are a few reports that adenomatous and carcinomatous changes were superimposed upon the background of the hamartoma. Occasionally epithelial misplacement of the epithelium is found in the small intestinal polyps. Since the epithelial misplacement may involve submucosa, muscularis propria and serosa, a difficulty of histopathologic differential diagnosis between the epithelial misplacement and invasive adenocarcinoma cause overdiagnosis of cancer in the gastrointestinal polyps of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. We present a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome of 39-year-old woman with multiple gastrointestinal polyps, two of which showed extensive epithelial misplacement even into the pancreas and another one at the colon showed carcinomatous change at the tip portion. Areas of hamartoma, adenoma and in situ carcinoma were noted in this colonic hamartomatous polyp. This case support that adenoma and carcinomatous changes may evolve directly within a hamartomaous polyp itself.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of Ki-1 positive large cell lymphoma-a case report-.: Kye Hyun Kwon, Jeong Ja Kwak, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(2):127-132.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of langerhans cell histiocytosis.: Jeong Ja Kwak, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1993;4(2):140-145.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Sebaceous Gland Tumor Arising in Cystic Teratoma of the Ovary: An unique form of monodermal teratoma.: Dae Joong Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(1):82-87.

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Abstract PDF: Although cystic teratoma is the most common benign tumor of the ovary, the association of sebaceous gland tumor with cystic teratoma is rare. We have recently experienced a case of sebaceous gland tumor, arising in the cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 78-year-old Korean woman. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by an organoid lobular architectures of the sebaceous glands which are exculsively composed of germinative and mature sebaceous cells. Although it is difficult to come to a valid conclusion due to the presence of atypical mitosis and necrosis, this tumor was regarded as benign from the viewpoint of preserved organoid structures, and absence of capsular invasion or metastasis.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of apocrine carcinoma of the breast: two cases report-.: So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee, Jeong Ja Kwak; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):67-74.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Electron microscopic study on fine needle aspiration cytology of metastatic malignant melanoma.: Dong Wha Lee, So Young Jin, Kye Hyun Kwon; Korean J Cytopathol. 1992;3(2):82-89.

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Abstract: No abstract available.

The Effect of Ethanol on 3'-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene Induced Carcinogenesis in Rat Liver.: Chan Il Park, Ho Guen Kim, So Young Jin, Woo Ick Yang, Yoo Bock Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(1):21-29.

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Abstract PDF: This study is aimed to elucidate the biological nature of the precancerous lesions and to evaluate whether the ethanol alters 3'-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) induced experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. A total of 108 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used for the experiment and divided into 6 groups according to 3'-Me-DAB and ethanol administration. Administration of the drugs were carried out daily by nasogastric tube insertion and the animals were sacrificed at different interval. A part of right lateral lobe was prepared for the histological examination. Cell kinetics of the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The administration of 3'-Me-DAB induced oval cell proliferation, hyperplastic nodule, cholangiofibrosis and carcinoma in the liver. The mean labelling indices, the percentages of BrdU labelled cells, of hepatocytes were increased by administration of 3'-Me-DAB, only to reverse after cessation of the drug (2.58 vs 0.61). The labelling indices of the oval cells were also affected by the administration and cessation of 3'-Me-DAB (11.41 vs 4.48). In contrast, the cholangiofibrosis did not decrease but were still increasing following cessation of 3'-Me-DAB administration (4.37 vs 5.17 and 8.25 vs 11.29). These finding that the hyperplastic nodule and particularly the cholangiofibrosis have an autonomous proliferative potential and are definite precancerous lesions in the experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Short term administration of ethanol decreased the incidence of development of the precancerous lesions, but did not affect the labelling indices in all the pathologic lesions of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology.: Dong Wha Lee, So Young Jin, Dae Joong Kim, Kui Hyang Kwon; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):160-167.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Pelvic actinomycosis: a case report.: Dae Joong Kim, So Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(2):172-178.

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Liposarcoma: Report of 3 cases.: Eun Suk Koh, So Young Jin, Tae Jung Kwon, Dong Wh Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(2):139-146.

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Abstract PDF: The application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology to the soft tissue tumors had been neglected. In recent years, however, FNA has been used increasingly in the preoperative diagnosis of these tumors due to its usefulness and accuracy. We present 3 cases of liposarcoma, myxoid, myxoid with round cell, and pleomorphic, diagnosed by FNA cytology with histologic confirmation. Good correlation between histologic and FNA cytologic findings was found. Although the cytologic appearances of liposarcomas varied with histologic type, the main criterion was the presence of atypical multivacuolated lipoblast with characteristically scalloped nuclei.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.: Dong Wha Lee, So Young Jin, Eun Suk Koh, Chung Ja Kwak; Korean J Cytopathol. 1990;1(1):68-73.

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Abstract PDF: A total 48 cases of tuberculous lesion in the lymph nodes(43 cases), lung (3 cases) and soft tissue(2 cases), was subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 77 year-old(average 33.6 years in age) and the male to female ratio was 1:4. Thirty-four cases (70.8%) demonstrated distinct granulomatous reaction with or without caseastion necrosis, nine cases(18.8%) showed no granulomas, but large amount of necrotic debris with numerous polymorphonuclear cells and histiocytes, and five cases (10.4%) revealed acellular material only. The overall AFB positivity in smears was 62.5%. In areas associated with granulomatous reaction and necrosis, AFB positivity was 55.8%, while it was 80.0% in cases with acellular necrotic material. There were 2 cases of parasitic infestation which could not be easily differentiated from tuberculosis based on aspiration smears only.

Histologic Pattern of Alcoholic Liver Disease in Korea.: Chan Il Park, Ho Guen Kim, So Young Jin, Mi Kyung Lee, Yoo Bock Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(3):292-304.

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Abstract PDF: To elucidate the histologic pattern of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in Korea, liver biopsies from 173 chronic alcoholics with clinical liver diseases were classified according to the pathologic parameters. One hundred and seventeen cases, the sum of 91 of 116 serum HBsAg negative and 26 of 57 HBsAg positive patients, had the histologic evidence of ALD. Fatty change(23.9%), alcoholic fibrosis (AF)(23.1%) and cirrhosis (23.1%), comprised the three major ALDs, and only 8.5% of cases fit the criteria of alcoholic hepatitis. Chronic sclerosing hyaline disease (CSHD), chronic active alcoholic hepatitis (CAAH) and AF, where non-cirrhotic fibrosis is the predominant change, comprised 44.5% of ALD. Both features of ALD and HBV liver disease (HBV-LD) were found in 17 cases that included 8 AF and 7 cirrhosis. These 17 patients tended to consume less alcohol than patients with other types of pure ALD except alcoholic heaptitis. Patients with the serum HBsAg positive ALD (37.4years) were about 8 years younger than those with the serum HBsAg negative ALD (45.1years). More or less fatty change and foamy degeneration were seen in 77.4% and 31.6% of ALD respectively. Mallory bodies, megamitochondria, iron deposition and perihepatocellular fibrosis were found in 20.5%, 29.9%, 42.7% and 77.8%, respectively. These findings indicate that non-cirrhotic chronic ALD such as CSHD, CAAH and AF are the important histologic patterns of ALD in Korea, and that chronic alcohol consumption and HBV may act synergistically in developing liver disease.

Acute Gastric Anisakiasis: A case report.: So Young Jin, Soon Hee Jung, Tai Seung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(1):149-153.

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of a 41-year-old female patient who suffered from the acute abdominal pain for several hours after eating raw sea-fishes. After the fibergastroscopy and the abdominal C-T scan, the clinicians found a gastric submucosal mass and performed the explolaparotomy to get an wedge of stomach. Sections revealed a larva surrounded by phlegmonous inflammation with intense eosinophilic infiltration in the widened gastic submucosa. The larva presented the characteristics of the Anisakis: two lateral chords with renette cell, thich smooth cuticle and well developed musculature.

Buerger's Disease of Paratesticular Tissue: A case report.: Soo Im Choi, So Young Jin, Chan Il Park; Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(4):462-466.

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of Buerger's disease manifested by a scrotal mass, in view of its rarity. A tender bean sized mass was palpated in the left scrotum of a 34 year-old male heavy smoker, who had a history of right pain two years ago which subsided spontaneously. The left testis with the paratesticular tissue was excised. Vessels of the spermatic cord and epididymis showed microscopic changes of Buerger's disease. The involved arteries and veins revealed a predominantly subacute pattern with granulomatous inflammation and Langhans' type giant cells within the thrombi.

Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Salivary Gland Tumors.: Jung Hoon Yoon, So Young Jin, Chan Il Park; Korean J Pathol. 1987;21(3):144-152.

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Abstract PDF: It has been clarified that myoepithelial cells contain S-100 protein which is known to be a marker protein of neural tissue. To evaluate the participation of myoepithelial cells in the histogenesis of the salivary gland tumors, normal salivary glands and various salivary gland tumors were stained by immuno-peroxidase method. PAP kits (DAKO Co, USA) for the S-100 protein and the Cytokeratin were used and the following resulting were obtained. Acinic cells of the normal salivery gland were negative for both cytokeratin and S-100 protein. The intercalated duct cells were weakly positive for cytokeratin and S-100 protein. The normal myoepithelial cells scattered around the acini and the intercalated ducts were positive only S-100 protein. In contrast, the striated duct were positive only for cytokeratin. In plemorphic adenoma, the S-100 protein positive cells were found in solid sheets of tumor cells, in chondromyxoid areas and in areas of spindle-cell stroma as well as in the outer layer of the tubular structures. Only the inner lining of the tubules were positive for cytokeratin. In basal cell adenoma, the stromal spindle cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and the epithelial cells weakly positive. When tubules were present within the epithelial sheets, the inner most lining cells were positive for cytokeratin. The peripheral palisaded tumor cells were negative for both substances. By immunostaining of the adenoid cystic carcinoma, S-100 protein containing cells were found focally scattered independently on the variety of histologies. The lining cells of true cystic structure were positive for cytokeratin. Immunostaining of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma demostrated that the squamous cells and the tubular epithelial cells contained cytokeraitn, whereas only a few intermediate cells were positive for S-100 protein. In Warthin's tumor there were no S-100 protein positive cells, although basally located epithelial cells of the papillae were positive for cytokeratin. These findings suggest that salivary gland tumors other than the Warthin's tumor arise from myoepithelial cells or reserve cells having dual potentiality differentating into myoepithelial and intercalcated duct cells.

A Study on the Typhoid Granuloma in the Bone Marrow Biopsy of Patients with Typhoid Fever.: So Young Jin, Kyung Won Lee, Tai Seung Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(4):462-469.

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Abstract PDF: To evaluate the appearance rate of typhoid granuloma, a clinical and histological study was made on bone marrow smears or biopsies of 60 patients with proven typhoid fever. The results were as follws: 1) Sixty cases consisted of 34 cases of bacteriologically proved group, 10 cases of serologically proved group, and 16 cases of clinically suspected group. The positive culture rate from bone marrow fluid was the highest (70.6%) among specimens although it was obtained 1.6 days in average after the administration of antibiotics. 2) Fourth-eight cases by bone marrow smear revealed the M:E ratio of 3.93:1 in average, mild myeloid hyperplasia and 50.5% of appearance rate of typhoid cells. 3) Fourth-nine cases of bone marrow biopsy revealed 8 cases of typhoid granuloma, all of which belonged to the bacteriologically proved group. All these have no pathognomonic morphologic features. 4) Fourty cases of bone marrow examination of patients with FUO except typhoid fever revealed no typhoid cells in smear and 3 cases of granulomatous lesion from two patients with miliary tuberculosis and one patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Edwards Syndrome: an autopsy case.: So Young Jin, Woo Hee Jung, Chang Ho Hong; Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(3):343-348.

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Abstract PDF: Edwards syndrome is first introduced by Edwards and characterized by facial anomalies, multiple cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, and skeletal malformations. It results from triplication of part or all of chromosome 18 in some or all of the patient's cells. It has an incidence of 1 in 4,500 live births or less and short life expectancy. Recently we experienced a case of 3-day-old female new born infant with this syndrome. Post mortem examination showed progeric face with prominent occiput, large flabby ears, microphthalmia, and micrognathia, bilateral clenched hands with flexion contraction of middle fingers, and bilateral rockerbottom feet. Internal examination revealed horseshoe kidney, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, two accessory spleens, and multiple cardiac anomalies. A trisomy 18 was confirmed by the cytogenetic study.

A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin Resembling Atypical Fibroxanthoma.: So Young Jin, Woo Hee Jung, Kwang Gil Lee, Jung Bok Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(2):250-253.

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Abstract: Both spindle cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma and atypical fibroxanthoma are most commonly presented as a solitary, often ulcerated nodule, occurring on sun-exposed skin of the elderly. These lesions also share the histologic features of diffuse or indistinct fascicular arrangement of polygonal or pulmp spindle cells. Therefore it is not easy to differentiate immunohistochemistry is done. A case of 73 year old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin resembling atypical fibroxanthoma is presented.

Mucous Gland Adenoma of the Bronchus: A case report.: So Young Jin, Kwang Gil Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(3):368-373.

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Abstract PDF: Mucous gland adenoma, one type of bronchial adenoma, is first introduced by Rosenblum and Klein2) in 1935 and very rare. Only twenty-one cases had been reported in english literature. This tumor must be differentiated from other types of bronchial adenoma because of completely benign clinical course. A case of mucous gland adenoma is presented which showed marked secondary calcification.

Chromomycosis: A case report.: So Young Jin, Chan Il Park, Yoo Bock Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(3):365-367.

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Abstract PDF: Chromomycosis is a chronic localized infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues and characterized by verrucoid, ulcerated and crusted lesions with sclerotic margins. It histologically show confluent granulomatous nodules containing large giant cells of the foreign body type. The organisms are differ from other yeastform fungi by the characteristic chestnut-brown color and by the septate division. A case of 51 year old woman with chromomycosis at submental area is presented.

Spotted Grouped Pigmented Nevi: A case report.: So Young Jin, Tai Seung Kim, Kwan Chul Tark; Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(2):231-235.

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Abstract PDF: The spotted grouped pigmented nevi is one of special forms of non-giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Histologically the nevus cells tend to proliferate around the skin appendages. We have experienced a case of spotted ground pigmented nevi in a 11 year old girl who had a pigmented plaque consisting of grouped brown black regularly distributed papules on the left inguinal region since birth. Histology revealed intradermal nevus. The skin appendages, especially the hair follicles and eccrine sweet ducts were enveloped by the neuvs cells. Electron microscopic study revealed that this nevus cells were mostly of type B cells. We would like to consider that the spotted grouped nevi are closely related pathogenically with the skin appendages.

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